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Alexander Alexandrovich Bolonkin ((ロシア語:Александр Александрович Болонкин), born March 14, 1933) is a Russian-American scientist and academic who worked in the Soviet aviation, space and rocket industries and lectured in Moscow universities, before being arrested in 1972 by the KGB as a dissident. He served terms of imprisonment and internal exile for 15 years until 1987, when he emigrated to the US as a political refugee. He has since lectured at American universities and worked as a researcher at NASA and for the National Research Council. He is a member of the Board of Directors of the International Space Agency, Chairman of the Space Flights section, member of the Advisory Board of the Lifeboat Foundation and its Space Settlement, and the founding President of the International Association of Former Soviet Political Prisoners and Victims of the Communist Regime (IASPPV). == Life and career == Bolonkin was born in Perm. He earned a bachelor's degree in aviation engineering from Perm Aviation College in 1952, a master's degree in aircraft from Kazan Aviation Institute in 1958, a master's degree in mathematics from Kiev University in 1963, a doctorate in aerospace from the Moscow Aviation Institute in 1964, and a postdoctoral degree in cybernetics and mathematics from Leningrad Polytechnic University in 1971. He worked at the Antonov aviation design company as a senior engineer and head of the aerodynamics group, participating in the design of aircraft from the An-8 to the An-124, and at the Glushko rocketry company, participating in the design of rocket engines, and lectured at the Moscow Aviation Institute, the Moscow Aviation Technology Institute, and the Bayman Moscow Technical University. In 1972 he was arrested by the KGB for intent to instigate democracy in the communist regime through dissemination of an underground newsletter, listening to the Voice of America and reading and disseminating works by Andrei Sakharov and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. Bolonkin was sentenced to 4 years in a labour camp and 2 years in exile in Buryatia.〔 Shortly before his sentence of exile ended Bolonkin was given a sentence of 2 years in a labour camp on a charge of stealing state property.〔 For 15 years he was tortured, imprisoned, and exiled in Siberia.〔 In 1981 Sakharov appealed for international support to have him freed. In April 1982 he made a televised recantation that Amnesty International ascribed to threats of beatings and rape. In 1987, during the early ''perestroika'', he was released and gained entry to the USA as a political refugee. In the USA he has lectured at New Jersey Institute of Technology and worked at NASA as a senior researcher and in the scientific laboratories of the US Air Force as a senior research fellow of the National Research Council. He subsequently worked in Israel as chief scientist at the Strategic Solutions Technology Group. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alexander Bolonkin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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